Firms primarily use cash flow to finance increasingly persistent repurchases. This internal financing gradually increases retained earnings in the capital structure and results in high (low) repurchase (investment) sensitivity to cash flow. These effects are particularly pronounced among financially mature firms. During recent decades, the repurchase–cash flow sensitivity of U.S. firms has increased steadily, with steeper increases for financially mature firms. Repurchases do not appear to be associated with underinvestment. A non-trivial number of firms would have depleted their retained earnings had they paid dividends rather than repurchased shares.
JEL classification: G31, G32, G3
Key words: Share repurchases, cash flow, retained earnings, financial maturity, investment, dividends